
最近遇到朋友詢問「在家裡清潔消毒的時候噴酒精,引起氣喘發作,是為什麼呢?」
這分兩個層面:酒精過敏?酒精揮發物引起氣喘的症狀?這兩者不太一樣。
酒精的揮發物(即乙醇本人),不是真正典型過敏原,因為它不會引發IgE介導的免疫反應。
但為什麼有些朋友/氣喘患者,聞到酒精氣味後,會出現呼吸道症狀(胸口悶悶的、一直咳嗽等等)?
主要是酒精及其代謝產物(eg.乙醛)刺激氣道,誘發支氣管收縮
而在部分亞洲人身上,負責代謝酒精的酶(乙醛脫氫酶2(ALDH2))活性降低,酒精代謝後使得過敏其中一種細胞:肥大細胞 釋放過敏物質,導致氣道敏感新增加而發作,而喝酒之後產生的蕁麻疹也是相似的過程
所以聞到酒精氣味引發氣喘,並非真正典型的IgE路徑的過敏反應。這有點有趣,所以geek書蟲冒出來跟他分享
參考資料:
- Investigation of the Mechanism of Alcohol-Induced Bronchial Asthma. Shimoda T, Kohno S, Takao A, et al. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996;97(1 Pt 1):74-84. doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70285-3.
- Correlation Between Alcohol-Induced Asthma and Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Genotype. Takao A, Shimoda T, Kohno S, Asai S, Harda S. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1998;101(5):576-80. doi:10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70162-9.
- Increased Airway Responsiveness to Acetaldehyde in Asthmatic Subjects With Alcohol-Induced Bronchoconstriction. Fujimura M, Myou S, Kamio Y, et al. The European Respiratory Journal. 1999;14(1):19-22. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14a05.x.
- Ethanol Causes Inflammation in the Airways by a Neurogenic and TRPV1-dependent Mechanism. Trevisani M, Gazzieri D, Benvenuti F, et al. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2004;309(3):1167-73. doi:10.1124/jpet.103.064162.
- Alcoholic Drinks: Important Triggers for Asthma. Vally H, de Klerk N, Thompson PJ. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2000;105(3):462-7. doi:10.1067/mai.2000.104548.
- Allergic and Asthmatic Reactions to Alcoholic Drinks. Vally H, Thompson PJ. Addiction Biology. 2003;8(1):3-11. doi:10.1080/1355621031000069828.
